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电子技术基础

作译者：叶懋,廖巧干

出版时间：2026-09 千字数：244 版次：01-01 页数：152

开本：16开装帧： I S B N ：9787121536045

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第1 章 直流电路······························································································.1
1.1 电路与电路模型·····················································································.1
1.2 电流、电压···························································································.1
1.2.1 电流及参考方向···········································································.2
1.2.2 电压及参考方向···········································································.3
1.3 电功率·································································································.4
1.4 电源····································································································.5
1.4.1 电压源·······················································································.5
1.4.2 电流源·······················································································.6
1.4.3 受控电源····················································································.6
1.5 欧姆定律与电阻元件···············································································.8
1.5.1 欧姆定律····················································································.8
1.5.2 电阻元件····················································································.9
1.6 基尔霍夫定律························································································.9
1.6.1 电路的节点、支路和回路·······························································10
1.6.2 基尔霍夫电流定律········································································11
1.6.3 基尔霍夫电压定律········································································12
1.7 简单的电阻电路·····················································································15
1.7.1 电阻的串联与分压········································································15
1.7.2 电阻的并联与分流········································································16
1.7.3 电阻混联电路的计算·····································································17
1.7.4 使用软件进行电路仿真··································································18
1.8 实际电源的两种模型及等效变换································································22
1.8.1 电压源与电流源模型·····································································22
1.8.2 电压源与电流源的等效变换····························································23
1.9 支路电流法···························································································24
1.10 节点电压法··························································································25
1.11 叠加定理·····························································································27
1.12 等效电源定理·······················································································29
1.12.1 戴维南定理················································································30
1.12.2 诺顿定理···················································································32
第2 章 电路的暂态分析·····················································································34
2.1 电容····································································································34
2.1.1 陶瓷电容····················································································36
2.1.2 电解电容····················································································37
2.2 电感····································································································39
2.3 过渡过程和初始条件···············································································40
2.4 一阶电路的零输入响应············································································41
2.4.1 RC 电路的零输入响应····································································41
2.4.2 RL 电路的零输入响应····································································44
2.5 一阶电路的零状态响应············································································46
2.5.1 RC 电路的零状态响应····································································46
2.5.2 RL 电路的零状态响应····································································48
2.6 一阶电路的全响应··················································································49
第3 章 交流电路······························································································52
3.1 正弦交流电的基本概念············································································52
3.1.1 正弦电压、电流···········································································52
3.1.2 交流电的有效值···········································································53
3.2 相量法·································································································53
3.2.1 复数··························································································54
3.2.2 正弦量的相量表示法·····································································55
3.2.3 基尔霍夫定律的相量形式·······························································57
3.3 元件参数的相量形式···············································································57
3.3.1 电阻参数的相量形式·····································································57
3.3.2 电感参数的相量形式·····································································58
3.3.3 电容参数的相量形式·····································································59
3.3.4 阻抗与导纳·················································································60
3.4 正弦交流电路的分析与计算······································································62
3.4.1 阻抗的串联和并联········································································62
3.4.2 交流电路的分析和计算··································································65
3.5 正弦稳态电路的功率···············································································67
3.6 三相交流电路························································································69
3.6.1 三相电源····················································································69
3.6.2 三相交流电路的星形负载·······························································71
第4 章 半导体器件···························································································73
4.1 PN 结···································································································73
4.1.1 硅半导体····················································································73
4.1.2 硅的半导化原理···········································································74
4.1.3 PN 结的形成················································································76
4.1.4 PN 结的特性················································································77
4.2 二极管·································································································80
4.2.1 伏安特性····················································································80
4.2.2 主要参数····················································································81
4.2.3 等效电路及应用···········································································82
4.2.4 稳压二极管·················································································83
4.2.5 发光二极管·················································································83
4.3 双极型三极管························································································84
4.3.1 结构和类型·················································································85
4.3.2 信号放大原理··············································································86
4.3.3 特性曲线····················································································88
4.3.4 主要参数····················································································89
4.3.5 温度对参数的影响········································································91
4.3.6 光敏三极管·················································································92
4.4 场效应晶体管························································································93
4.4.1 绝缘栅场效应晶体管·····································································93
4.4.2 绝缘栅双极型晶体管·····································································97
4.4.3 高迁移率晶体管···········································································99
4.4.4 FET 生物传感器········································································.101
4.5 存储器······························································································.103
4.5.1 铁电存储器··············································································.103
4.5.2 阻变存储器··············································································.104
4.5.3 相变存储器··············································································.105
第5 章 放大电路基础·····················································································.107
5.1 放大电路基础知识···············································································.107
5.1.1 电路结构·················································································.107
5.1.2 性能指标·················································································.108
5.2 共射放大电路分析···············································································.109
5.2.1 静态直流工作分析·····································································.110
5.2.2 动态交流放大分析·····································································.111
5.3 动态工作等效近似法············································································.112
5.3.1 计算静态工作点········································································.112
5.3.2 H 参数微变等效模型··································································.113
5.3.3 计算主要性能参数·····································································.116
习题集··········································································································.119

材料是人类生存发展、与自然和谐共生、推动文明进步的物质基础。每一次新材料的发明和应用，都会引发生产技术的革命。自20 世纪中叶以来，科学技术迅猛发展，人类对作为“发明之母”和“产业粮食”的新材料的研究异常活跃，甚至催生了一个“材料革命”的新时代。例如，半导体材料的出现，极大地推动了电子工业的发展，也带动了电子计算机的飞速进步。
电子信息材料是电子信息工业中的关键材料，它不仅具有电、磁、光、声、热等物理性能，还能实现不同性能之间的转换，这类材料被广泛应用于通信、计算机、家电等多个领域。电子技术基础作为材料科学与工程专业的一门基础课程，对专业素养的培养具有重要的支撑作用，尤其是对于电子信息材料方向的学生来说，要更好地了解电子信息材料的应用，以及较好地研究与开发电子信息材料，就必须具备一定的电子技术基础知识。电子工程专业的课程学习侧重于利用电子元件构建特定功能的电路，而材料科学与工程专业更注重从电子元件应用的角度促进相应材料的研究与开发。因此，材料科学与工程专业的学生学习电子技术基础课程，不仅能为学习专业课程提供必要的基础知识，还有助于拓宽专业视野、增强跨学科能力，这体现在以下几个方面。
（1）为材料与电子元件的研发奠定基础。
本书涵盖电路理论、电子元件、模拟电路等核心内容，这些基础知识是理解材料和电子元件工作原理的基础，对于后续深入研究至关重要。学生通过学习，可以掌握电子元件的基本特性、电路分析方法等，为后续的材料与电子元件研发提供理论支持。
（2）掌握材料测试与表征的方法。
电学测试是材料表征的重要手段之一。通过学习电子技术基础课程，可以让学生了解如何使用电学方法测试材料的导电性、电阻率、介电常数等关键参数，这对材料的研发和应用具有重要意义。
（3）培养跨学科能力。
材料科学与工程是一个高度跨学科的领域，它与电子工程、机械工程等多个领域紧密相关。学习本书有助于学生培养跨学科能力，更好地理解和应用不同领域的知识与技术。
（4）适应现代工业需求。
随着现代工业的发展，越来越多的材料被用于电子设备中。因此，材料科学与工程专业的学生需要了解电子技术基础知识，以便更好地适应现代工业的需求。例如，在半导体材料的研究和生产中，对电子技术基础知识的理解就至关重要。
（5）提升就业竞争力。
学习电子技术基础课程可以增强学生未来的就业竞争力。掌握电路基础知识和技能可以让学生在求职时挑战具有交叉学科背景的工作岗位，胜任更多与电子技术相关的工作岗位，如材料测试工程师、尖端设备运维工程师等。
（6）促进创新思维。
本书不仅提供了理论知识，还培养了学生的实践能力和创新思维。通过动手实验和解决实际问题，学生可以锻炼自己的思维能力和创造力，这对未来的材料研究和开发至关重要。
综上所述，材料科学与工程专业的学生学习电子技术基础课程对专业成长和职业发展都具有重要意义。本书不仅提供了必要的技能和知识，还有助于拓宽学生的专业视野、增强跨学科的学习和工作能力。
本书的第1 章由叶懋和杨玲编写，第2 章由叶懋、黄瑜佳编写，第3 章由叶懋和廖巧干编写，第4 章由许积文、廖巧干、缑润娜和黄誓成编写，第5 章由叶懋和杨玲编写，习题集由廖巧干和许积文编写，例题的TINA 程序由叶懋编写。由于编者水平有限，书中难免有疏漏与不足之处，恳请读者多提宝贵意见。与编者交流或索取习题集答案，请发邮件至csuxjw@126.com。
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